<<back || index

Indonesia

Chapter Contents
Geography	1.1
Geodynamics	1.1
Electricity	1.1
Geothermal Electricity Generation	1.1
Planned Capacity	1.1
Geothermal Potential	1.2
*Considerations*
World Heritage	1.2
National Parks and Reserves	1.3
Vulnerable/Endangered Ecoregions	1.7
Geographic Location of Ecoregions	1.8
Population Distribution	1.9
References	1.10

Indonesia

GEOGRAPHY

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Geographic Coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E
Area: total: 1,919,440 sq. km
(land: 1,826,440 sq. km; water: 93,000 sq. km)

(CIA, The World Factbook 2001: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html)

GEODYNAMICS

Sumatra

Large mature volcanic arc island westernmost Indonesia

Java

Most volcanic island on Earth
Subduction of Indo-Australian plate beneath Banda arc (Eurasia)

Mentawai Islands

Located off Sumatra
Forearc ridge (accretionary complex) ahead of the Sunda arc

(Acadia University: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/world-notes.htm)

ELECTRICITY

Electric Generation Capacity (1/1/99E): 21.4 gigawatts
Electricity Production (1999E): 78.7 terawatthours
Thermal: 84%, Hydro: 14%, Geothermal: 2%

EIA: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indonesa.html

GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Installed geothermal generating capacity (2000) in MW
Kamojang	140
Salak	330
Darajat	125
Dieng	60
Sibayak	2
Lahendong	2.5
Wayang Windu	110
Total	769.5

(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)

Java

:Kamojang: 245°C; Dry steam; 29 wells x 60MW; Another 60 MWe planned plant postponed
Salka: 240-310°C; 4 wells
Darajat: 245°C; Dry steam; 17 wells; Not yet on line
Dieng: 280-330°C; 25 wells; Not in operation
Wayang Windu: 250-270°C; Liquid dominant; 18 wells; Not in operation

Sumatra:

Sibayak: 240-275°C; Liquid dominant; 10 wells

North Sulawesi:

Lahendong: 260-330°C; 15 wells completed, No commercial operation

(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)

PLANNED CAPACITY

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL

Resources confirmed at Sarulla, Sumatra, Patuha, Java, and Karaha
15 fields with 1987 Mwe estimated by 2005
70 temperature prospects 20,000MWe:

Sumatra: 31
Java and Bali: 22
Sulawesi: 6
Nusatenggara: 8
Maluku: 3

Estimated total reserves: 9900MWe

(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)

CONSIDERATIONS

WORLD HERITAGE

Ujung Kulon NP
Komodo NP
Lorentz NP

(UNESCO: http://whc.unesco.org/sites/natural.htm)

NATIONAL PARKS & RESERVES

PROTECTED AREAS OF SUMATRA

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sumatra.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF JAVA and BALI

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/java.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF KALIMANTAN

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/kaliman.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF SULAWESI

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sulawesi.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF NUSA TENGGARA

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/tenggara.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF MALUKU

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/maluku.html)

THE NATURE RESERVES OF IRIAN JAYA

(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/irian.html)

VULNERABLE/ENDANGERED ECOREGIONS

Borneo lowland rain forests (IM0102)
Borneo peat swamp forests (IM0104)
Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests (IM0110)
Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests (IM0112)
Eastern Java-Bali rain forests (IM0113)
Mentawai Islands rain forests (IM0127)
Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests (IM0153)
Sumatran freshwater swamp forests (IM0157)
Sumatran lowland rain forests (IM0158)
Sumatran peat swamp forests (IM0160)
Sundaland heath forests (IM0161)
Western Java montane rain forests (IM0167)
Western Java rain forests (IM0618)
Sumatran tropical pine forests (IM0304)

(WWF: http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_im.html)

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF ECOREGIONS

(National Geographic: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html?id=1&mapServiceName=WW_Terrecos
&locWidth=120&locHeight=72&cMinx=141.8004&cMiny=45.914108&cMaxx=142.666901&cMaxy=47.798401&size=small
&detail=detailed?id=1&size=small&detail=detailed&cMinx=142.23&cMiny=41&cMaxx=185.43&cMaxy=69.13)

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000

Province	Population
Province	1971	1980	1990	1995	2000
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam	2,008,595	2,611,271	3,416,156	3,847,583	3,930,905
Sumatera Utara	6,621,831	8,360,894	10,256,027	11,114,667	11,649,655
Sumatera Barat	2,793,196	3,406,816	4,000,207	4,323,170	4,248,931
R i a u	1,641,545	2,168,535	3,303,976	3,900,534	4,957,627
J a m b i	1,006,084	1,445,994	2,020,568	2,369,959	2,413,846
Sumatera Selatan	3,440,573	4,629,801	6,313,074	7,207,545	6,899,675
B e n g k u l u	519,316	768,064	1,179,122	1,409,117	1,567,432
L a m p u n g	2,777,008	4,624,785	6,017,573	6,657,759	6,741,439
Kep. Bangka Belitung	-	-	-	-	900,197
DKI Jakarta	4,579,303	6,503,449	8,259,266	9,112,652	8,389,443
Jawa Barat	21,623,529	,27,453,525	35,384,352	39,206,787	35,729,537
Jawa Tengah	21,877,136	,25,372,889	28,520,643	29,653,266	31,228,940
DI Yogyakarta	2,489,360	2,750,813	2,913,054	2,916,779	3,122,268
Jawa Timur	25,516,999	,29,188,852	32,503,991	33,844,002	34,783,640
Banten	-	-	-	-	8,098,780
B a l i	2,120,322	2,469,930	2,777,811	2,895,649	3,151,162
Nusa Tenggara Barat	2,203,465	2,724,664	3,369,649	3,645,713	4,009,261
Nusa Tenggara Timur	2,295,287	2,737,166	3,268,644	3,577,472	3,952,279
Kalimantan Barat	2,019,936	2,486,068	3,229,153	3,635,730	4,034,198
Kalimantan Tengah	701,936	954,353	1,396,486	1,627,453	1,857,000
Kalimantan Selatan	1,699,105	2,064,649	2,597,572	2,893,477	2,985,240
Kalimantan Timur	733,797	1,218,016	1,876,663	2,314,183	2,455,120
Sulawesi Utara	1,718,543	2,115,384	2,478,119	2,649,093	2,012,098
Sulawesi Tengah	913,662	1,289,635	1,711,327	1,938,071	2,218,435
Sulawesi Selatan	5,180,576	6,062,212	6,981,646	7,558,368	8,059,627
Sulawesi Tenggara	714,12	942,302	1,349,619	1,586,917	1,821,284
Gorontalo	-	-	-	-	835,044
M a l u k u	1,089,565	1,411,006	1,857,790	2,086,516	1,205,539
Maluku Utara	-	-	-	-	785,059
Papua	923,44	1,173,875	1,648,708	1,942,627	2,220,934
INDONESIA	119,208,229	147,490,298	179,378,946	194,754,808	206,264,595

Note : Including non permanent resident (homeless people, sailor, boat people and remote area community).
Source: 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000 Population Census, and 1995 Intercensal Population Census.

(PBS: http://www.bps.go.id/sector/population/table1.shtml)

References

Acadia University. Significant place for global tectonics. Retrieved from world wide web: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/world-notes.htm (October 24, 2002)

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). BPS-Statistics Indonesia. Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2002. Retrieved from world wide web: http://www.bps.go.id/sector/population/table1.shtml (December 27, 2002)

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (January 2002). The world factbook 2002 – Indonesia. Retrieved from world wide web: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html (September 10, 2002)

Energy Informationa Administration (EIA). (May 9, 2002). Country analysis briefs – Indonesia. Retrieved from world wide web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indonesa.html0 (October 2, 2002)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to protected areas of Sumatra. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sumatra.html (October 20, 2002)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature reserves of Java and Bali. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/java.html (October 20, 2002)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature reserves of Kalimantan. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/kaliman.html (October 20, 2002)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature reserves of Sulawesi. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sulawesi.html (October 20, 2002)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (Fetruary 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature reserves of Nusa Tenggara. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/tenggara.html (October 20, 2000)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature reserves of Maluku. Retrieved from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/maluku.html (October 20, 2000)

Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel (GORP). (February 19, 2002). Welcome to the nature reserves of Irian Jaya. Retrived from world wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/irian.html (October 20, 2002)

National Geographic. Wild world – Treestraial ecoregions of the world. Retrieved from world wide web: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html?id=1&mapServiceName=WW_Terrecos
&locWidth=120&locHeight=72&cMinx=141.8004&cMiny=45.914108&cMaxx=142.666901&cMaxy=47.798401
&size=small&detail=detailed?id=1&size=small&detail=detailed&cMinx=142.23&cMiny=41
&cMaxx=185.43&cMaxy=69.13 (October 20, 2002)

United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (July 1, 2002). National properties on the world heritage list. Retrieved from world wide web: http://whc.unesco.org/sites/natural.htm (October 24, 2002)

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Ecoregions. Retrived from world wide web: http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_im.html (October 24, 2002)

<<back || index

Email this page to a friend

[an error occurred while processing this directive]