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                          Question:
                           
                            What 
                              about building underwater - wouldn't you lose a 
                              lot of electricity - and wouldn't it be very expensive 
                              to cross the oceans? 
                             
                          
                          Key 
                            Words:
                           
                             
                              underwater electricity transmission lines, profits, 
                              global electricity grid, R. Buckminster Fuller, 
                              Dymaxion Map, links, ground lines, costs, France, 
                              England, Scandinavian countries 
                           
                          Answer:
                           
                           
                            Electricity 
                              is already flowing in HVDC cables underwater in 
                              a number of places. For instance, underwater links 
                              connect France to England, Morrocco and Spain,and 
                              the Scandinavian countries to Europe. Underwater 
                              cables require extra protection, plus converter/invertor 
                              stations at each end, so the costs are often triple 
                              the typical overhead line expense. 
                            The 
                              underwater portions of the global electricity grid 
                              would be relatively short, since most links are 
                              across straits. GENI uses Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion 
                              Map to show that high-voltage tranmission lines 
                              are primarily over land. There are relatively few 
                              underwater linkages to be crossed: Bering Strait, 
                              Gibraltor, Hormuz, Suez, Malacca and Timor.  
                           
                          Related 
                            Issues:
                           
                             
                              Environment 
                           
                          Related 
                            Links:
                           
                             
                              Related Issue Link Environment 
                           
                            
                           
                          
                            
                             
                             
                            GENI -- 
                            PO Box 81565, San Diego, CA, USA 92138  
                            Phone: (619) 595-0139    Fax: (619) 595-0403 
                             
                            Email: info@geni.org 
                               World Wide Web: www.geni.org 
                          
                           
                          
                            A U.S. Tax Exempt 501(c)(3) Corporation 
                            committed to sustainable development and improving 
                            the quality of life for everyone without damage to 
                            the planet. 
                             
                            GENI Affiliates in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New 
                            Zealand, Singapore and United States. 
                             
                             Updated 01/07/2002 
                          
                          
 
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                    GENI -- PO Box 81565, San Diego, CA, USA 92138 
                        Phone: (619) 595-0139  
                    Fax: (619) 595-0403     Email: info@geni.org 
                        http://www.geni.org 
                        Updated: 2002/07/15 
                     
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